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Potential Opportunities for Pharmacogenetic-Based Therapeutic Exploitation of Xanthine Dehydrogenase in Cardiovascular Disease.
Antioxidants (Basel)
November 2024
Barts & The London Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
The majority of naturally occurring mutations of the human gene , are associated with reduced or completely absent xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) activity, leading to a disease known as classical xanthinuria, which is due to the accumulation and excretion of xanthine in urine. Three types of classical xanthinuria have been identified: type I, characterised by XOR deficiency, type II, caused by XOR and aldehyde oxidase (AO) deficiency, and type III due to XOR, AO, and sulphite oxidase (SO) deficiency. Type I and II are considered rare autosomal recessive disorders, a condition where two copies of the mutated gene must be present to develop the disease or trait.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Role of Pharmacogenetic-Based Pharmacokinetic Analysis in Precise Breast Cancer Treatment.
Pharmaceutics
October 2024
Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
Given the high prevalence of breast cancer and the diverse genetic backgrounds of patients, a growing body of research emphasizes the importance of pharmacogenetic-based pharmacokinetic analysis in optimizing treatment outcomes. The treatment of breast cancer involves multiple drugs whose metabolism and efficacy are influenced by individual genetic variations. Genetic polymorphisms in drug-metabolizing enzymes and transport proteins are crucial in the regulation of pharmacokinetics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPharmacogenomics of Hypertension in Africa: Paving the Way for a Pharmacogenetic-Based Approach for the Treatment of Hypertension in Africans.
Int J Hypertens
May 2023
Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
In Africa, the burden of hypertension has been rising at an alarming rate for the last two decades and is a major cause for cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality and morbidity. Hypertension is characterised by elevated blood pressure (BP) ≥ 140/90 mmHg. Current hypertension guidelines recommend the use of antihypertensives belonging to the following classes: calcium channel blockers (CCB), angiotensin converting inhibitors (ACEI), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB), diuretics, -blockers, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), to manage hypertension.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF[Advances in warfarin's anticoagulation therapy in Chinese population after mechanical valve replacement].
Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi
May 2024
Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China.
Warfarin is an irreplaceable oral anticoagulant for patients with mechanical heart valves, the stable pharmacogenetic-based warfarin dose prediction algorithms have improved the effectiveness and safety of warfarin anticoagulation therapy. Genetic factors are the main factors affecting the stable dose of warfarin. Single nucleotide polymorphisms such as and affect the anticoagulation effect of warfarin through pharmacodynamic or pharmacokinetic pathways.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImpact of Cytochrome P450 Genetic Variation on Patient-Reported Symptom Improvement and Side Effects Among Children and Adolescents Treated with Fluoxetine.
J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol
February 2024
Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
Clinical practice guidelines recommend the use of fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), as a first-line pharmacotherapy for major depressive disorder (MDD) and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) in children and adolescents. However, response and tolerability to fluoxetine varies from child to child, which may in part, be a result of interindividual differences in fluoxetine metabolism. In this study, we examined whether genotype-predicted activity scores of cytochrome P450 enzymes were associated with patient-reported symptom improvement and side effects in children and adolescents treated with fluoxetine.
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