Background: The aim of this study is to compare the effect of mesial and distal adjacent gingival phenotypes of the tooth or teeth region of free gingival graft (FGG) on the shrinkage ratio of graft at 6 months postoperatively.
Methods: Thirty-one patients with inadequate keratinized gingival width (KGW) around mandibular incisors were included in this study. The phenotype of the mesial and distal terminal teeth was evaluated by the probe transparency method and keratinized gingival thickness measurements; study groups were divided as thick and thin phenotype. The plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL) and recession height (GRH), recession width (GRW) and KGW measurements were recorded at baseline and sixth month. Vertical dimension of graft (VDG), horizontal dimension of graft (HDG), recipient area horizontal width (RAHW), recipient area vertical depth (RAVD) were recorded during surgery. The shrinkage ratio was calculated with a Java-based analysis program.
Results: There was no significant difference in the clinical and surgical measurements between the groups. KGW mean values for both of adjacent teeth increased at 6th month compared to baseline but there was no difference between the groups at 6 months. GRH value has decreased significantly in thick phenotype group at the 6th month. The shrinkage ratio was found 23.14 ± 12.21% and 17.76 ± 11.05% in the thin and thick phenotype group, respectively. The difference between the groups was not statistically significant (p = 0.210).
Conclusion: The phenotype of the adjacent teeth has a similar impact on FGG shrinkage ratio at the sixth month. Thick phenotype of adjacent teeth seems to be more supportive for root coverage.
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