AI Article Synopsis
- Two-photon endoscopy using a gradient-index lens is effective for examining cellular activity in deep tissues with minimal invasiveness.
- A major challenge is the low numerical aperture of the endoscopic probe, which limits light collection efficiency.
- The authors present a solution by adding a reflective waveguide around the probe, which enhances light collection efficiency by about two times and explain its design, production, and testing in biological samples.
Article Abstract
Two-photon endoscopy based on a gradient-index lens has been widely utilized for studying cellular behaviors in deep-lying tissues with minimal invasiveness in vivo. Although the efficient collection of emitted light is critical to attain high-contrast spatiotemporal information, the intrinsic low numerical aperture of the endoscopic probe poses a physical limitation. We report a simple solution to overcome this limit by incorporating a reflective waveguide ensheathing the endoscopic probe, which improves the collection efficiency by approximately two-fold. We describe its principle, fabrication procedure, optical characterization, and utilities in biological tissues.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.26.032365 | DOI Listing |
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