We have modeled the white water wake of a ship as a single layer of bubbles packed on the sea surface within the perimeter of the trailing turbulent wake. The size of the bubbles is considered greater than the midwave infrared wavelengths such that the optical geometrical approximation remains valid. The upper half bubble hemisphere is meshed into facets, and we calculate the probability density function of their slopes and constrain that distribution by the geometrical limits imposed by the position of the receiver through the shadowing of facets by other bubbles and of facets that are facing away from the receiver. For the facets that are visible, we compute the midwave infrared emitted and reflected radiance for the white water wake for atmospheric, solar, and sea conditions that prevailed during a ship wake measurement trial using a homegrown simulation code, the Sea Surface Radiance Simulator. The range of slopes that are visible to the receiver for the white water wake greatly exceeds those that are present in the turbulent wake and in the sea background. Consequently, the variability in the white water wake radiance is substantial. As a function of the downstream distance astern of the ship, we have ad hoc assumed that the white water wake fraction decays linearly or proportionally to the turbulent intensity in the wake. Comparing to measurements, we find an agreement in trend behavior of the midwave radiance contrast of the white water wake with downstream distance for a white water wake fraction that decays proportionally to the square of the turbulence intensity.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/AO.57.010125 | DOI Listing |
BMC Vet Res
January 2025
Aquaculture Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOF, Cairo, Egypt.
With freshwater resources becoming scarce worldwide, mariculture is a promising avenue to sustain aquaculture development, especially by incorporating brackish and saline groundwater (GW) use into fish farming. A 75-day rearing trial was conducted to evaluate fish growth, immune response, overall health, and water quality of Chelon ramada cultured in brackish GW and fed on a basal diet (BD) augmented with rosemary oil (RO) or RO + zymogen forte™ (ZF) as an anti-flatulent. Five treatments were administrated in triplicate: T1: fish-fed BD without additives (control group); T2: fish-fed BD + 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Microbiol Methods
January 2025
Department of Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Växtskyddsvägen 3, SE-234 56 Alnarp, Sweden. Electronic address:
In recent years, oxidoreductase enzymes such as laccases have received considerable attention for their ability to degrade and eliminate organic micropollutants from contaminated water in a process known as enzyme-based wastewater treatment. Thus, methods to produce high laccase activity in water are a point of focus, with white-rot fungi being highlighted as a tool in this context. This study, therefore, explored the applied approach of direct addition of mushroom spawn of the white-rot fungi Pleurotus ostreatus into water and its potential for laccase production under different conditions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Neurol
January 2025
Department of Radiology and Oncology, Instituto de Radiologia. Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, 75, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, 05403010, Brazil.
Background: The presence of diffuse brain damage in normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) and gray matter (NAGM) in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) remains controversial. We aimed to address this controversy by applying a multiparametric MRI approach. Additionally, the association between MRI metrics and clinical variables was explored.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVet Res Commun
January 2025
Pollution Laboratory, Freshwater and Lakes Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Cairo, Egypt.
This investigation looked at the ameliorative role of camel whey protein hydrolysates-diet (PH) in Oreochromis niloticus stocked under alkaline conditions. One hundred sixty fish (16.02 ± 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlant Dis
January 2025
University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Department of Plant Pathology, 1991 Upper Buford circle, 495 Borlaug Hall, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States, 55108;
Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is an herbaceous perennial in the Zingiberaceae family grown primarily in tropical to subtropical biomes as a culinary spice, a traditional medicine, and a landscaping plant. While ginger grows at soil temperatures above 20°C, several farmers in the upper Midwestern US farmers grows short-season ginger in high tunnels. In 2023 and 2024, growers in southeastern Minnesota reported a new disease of ginger.
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