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Antibiotic exposure is associated with minimal gut microbiome perturbations in healthy term infants.
Microbiome
January 2025
Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19146, USA.
Background: The evolving infant gut microbiome influences host immune development and later health outcomes. Early antibiotic exposure could impact microbiome development and contribute to poor outcomes. Here, we use a prospective longitudinal birth cohort of n = 323 healthy term African American children to determine the association between antibiotic exposure and the gut microbiome through shotgun metagenomics sequencing as well as bile acid profiles through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAutomated AI-based image analysis for quantification and prediction of interstitial lung disease in systemic sclerosis patients.
Respir Res
January 2025
National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Background: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare connective tissue disease associated with rapidly evolving interstitial lung disease (ILD), driving its mortality. Specific imaging-based biomarkers associated with the evolution of lung disease are needed to help predict and quantify ILD.
Methods: We evaluated the potential of an automated ILD quantification system (icolung) from chest CT scans, to help in quantification and prediction of ILD progression in SSc-ILD.
Natural repeated backcrosses lead to triploidy and tetraploidy in parthenogenetic butterfly lizards (Leiolepis: Agamidae).
Sci Rep
January 2025
Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, Prague, 128 44, Czech Republic.
Obligatory parthenogenesis in vertebrates is restricted to squamate reptiles and evolved through hybridisation. Parthenogens can hybridise with sexual species, resulting in individuals with increased ploidy levels. We describe two successive hybridisations of the parthenogenetic butterfly lizards (genus Leiolepis) in Vietnam with a parental sexual species.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAntiseizure medications for Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome: Comprehensive review and proposed consensus treatment algorithm.
Epilepsy Behav
January 2025
Department of Neurosurgery, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is a severe, childhood-onset developmental and epileptic encephalopathy characterized by multiple drug-resistant seizure types, specific electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns, and significant cognitive and behavioral impairments. To date, eight anti-seizure medications (ASMs) have been specifically approved by the U.S.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEmbracing the Future of Clinical Trials in Radiotherapy: An NRG Oncology CIRO Technology Retreat Whitepaper on Pioneering Technologies and AI-Driven Solutions.
Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys
January 2025
National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD. Electronic address:
This white paper examines the potential of pioneering technologies and artificial intelligence (AI)-driven solutions in advancing clinical trials involving radiotherapy. As the field of radiotherapy evolves, the integration of cutting-edge approaches such as radiopharmaceutical dosimetry, FLASH radiotherapy, image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT), and AI promises to improve treatment planning, patient care, and outcomes. Additionally, recent advancements in quantum science, linear energy transfer/relative biological effect (LET/RBE), and the combination of radiotherapy and immunotherapy create new avenues for innovation in clinical trials.
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