AI Article Synopsis
- The canine heartworm, a parasite carried by mosquitoes, is spreading due to climate change, affecting more dogs than before.
- Researchers conducted advanced analyses to uncover a highly complex structure of N-glycans (sugar chains) in the heartworm, some of which have not been previously seen in nematodes.
- These unique N-glycans can interact with the host's immune system in various ways, potentially helping the parasite evade detection or modulate the immune response.
Article Abstract
The canine heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) is a mosquito-borne parasitic nematode whose range is extending due to climate change. In a four-dimensional analysis involving HPLC, MALDI-TOF-MS and MS/MS in combination with chemical and enzymatic digestions, we here reveal an N-glycome of unprecedented complexity. We detect N-glycans of up to 7000 Da, which contain long fucosylated HexNAc-based repeats, as well as glucuronylated structures. While some modifications including LacdiNAc, chitobiose, α1,3-fucose and phosphorylcholine are familiar, anionic N-glycans have previously not been reported in nematodes. Glycan array data show that the neutral glycans are preferentially recognised by IgM in dog sera or by mannose binding lectin when antennal fucose and phosphorylcholine residues are removed; this pattern of reactivity is reversed for mammalian C-reactive protein, which can in turn be bound by the complement component C1q. Thereby, the N-glycans of D. immitis contain features which may either mediate immunomodulation of the host or confer the ability to avoid immune surveillance.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6325117 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-07948-7 | DOI Listing |
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