A signal-on magnetic electrochemical immunosensor for ultra-sensitive detection of saxitoxin using palladium-doped graphitic carbon nitride-based non-competitive strategy. | LitMetric
Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology of MOE, Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China. Electronic address:
Published: March 2019
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Article Abstract
Saxitoxin (STX) has high toxicity, and is water soluble, acid stable and thermostable. Therefore, STX in seawater can be accumulated by marine organism to form bioaccumulation. To ensure the safety of seafood for consumption, it is crucial to accurately determine trace STX in seawater and seafood. We herein developed a novel magnetic electrochemical immunosensor for ultra-sensitive detection of STX in seawater and seafood by using non-competitive strategy. The immunosensor employs STX-specific antibody-functionalized magnetic beads (MBs) for STX recognition, palladium-doped graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN-PdNPs) peroxidase mimetic for catalyzing HO-mediated oxidation of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to generate signal. The immunosensor combines the merits of g-CN-PdNPs peroxidase mimetic, non-competitive strategy, MBs-based antibody recognition and magnetic gold electrode, and thus has excellent stability, lower cost, no risk of false positive result, high sensitivity and strong ability resist to matrix interference. The proposed immunosensor has been successfully used to detect trace STX in seawater and shellfish samples with a detection limit of 1.2 pg/mL (4.0 × 10 M), a recovery of 93-107% and a relative standard deviation (RSD, n = 5) < 5%. The success of this study provided a promising approach for the rapid and on-site detection of trace STX in seawater and seafood.
Cyanobacterial biodiversity and potential toxicity in coastal lagoons have barely been studied despite these transitional water systems being very important in conservation and for the preservation of economic resources. Most of these transitional systems have been affected by eutrophication, and climate change will severely affect them by promoting cyanobacteria growth, especially in Mediterranean areas. This study aims to characterize the diversity of epipelic and epiphytic cyanobacteria species in a Mediterranean coastal lagoon and their potential for toxins production (microcystins and saxitoxins).
An Alexandrium affine strain (AAJQ-1) from San José Island, Gulf of California was characterized for growth and toxicology. Fivefold of f/2 + Se cultures were incubated for 34 days in a temperature gradient (21-29 °C). Aliquots were collected every third day for cell counting, toxin determination, and nutrient analyses.
Introduction: Cyanobacteria are microorganisms found in many parts of the world and several genera, such as , are producers of cyanotoxins. Homeopathic potencies have been found to modulate toxicity in different biological models, and the present study endeavors to discover whether this might also be the case with cyanobacteria.
Objectives: Our objective was to investigate the possible effects of homeopathic potencies on the resilience of (brine shrimp) embryos to saxitoxin (STX; cyanotoxin) and on controlling the growth of .
Marine pufferfish, which naturally possess tetrodotoxins (TTXs), selectively take up and accumulate TTXs, whereas freshwater pufferfish, which naturally possess saxitoxins (STXs), selectively take up and accumulate STXs. To further clarify the TTXs/STXs selectivity in pufferfish, we conducted a TTX/STX administration experiment using , a euryhaline marine pufferfish possessing both TTXs and STXs. Forty nontoxic cultured individuals of were divided into a seawater group (SW, acclimated/reared at 33‱ salinity; = 20) and a brackish water group (BW, acclimated/reared at 8‱ salinity; = 20).
To understand environmental effects affecting paralytic shellfish toxin production of Centrodinium punctatum, this study examined the growth responses, and toxin contents and profiles of a C. punctatum culture exposed to drastic changes of temperature (5-30 °C) and salinity (15-40). C.
