AI Article Synopsis
- The study aims to analyze the development of costal element ossification centers in the fetal spine using postmortem MRI.
- The research included 71 fetuses, examined using specific imaging techniques and validated through CT and histological analysis of two specimens.
- The findings indicate that S1, S2, and S3 ossification centers appear at different gestational ages, with S1 and S2 being more consistently detectable in later stages, and their volumes increasing significantly with gestational age.
Article Abstract
Purpose: This postmortem magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study of the fetal spine aimed to describe the timing of appearance, shape, volume, and relative positions of the S1-S3 costal element ossification centers (CEOCs).
Methods: We obtained sagittal 3D dual-echo steady-state with water excitation T2 images of the entire spine in 71 fetuses (gestational ages (GAs), 17-42 weeks). Computed tomography and histological examinations were performed on two fetal specimens (GAs, 21 and 30 weeks) to validate the MR images. The presence/absence of each sacral CEOC was recorded according to the GA. CEOC volume was measured. We analyzed the CEOC position relative to the vertebral column and ilium.
Results: The S1, S2, and S3 CEOCs first appeared at 23, 22, and 29 weeks, respectively. The S1 and S2 CEOCs could be detected in all fetuses with GAs of ≥ 30 weeks and ≥ 35 weeks, respectively, while the S3 CEOCs were variably present until term. The percentages of detection of the S1 and S2 CEOCs were significantly greater than that of the S3 CEOCs at each GA. At S1 and S2, the CEOC volume increased exponentially with GA. The relative positions of the S1 and S2 CEOCs, but not the S3 CEOCs, significantly correlated with GA (P < 0.001).
Conclusion: We have described the timeline of appearance as well as the volume and position of the S1-S3 CEOCs in the fetal spine on postmortem MRI according to GA.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00234-018-2147-5 | DOI Listing |
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