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Neurofunctional Domains Derived From Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Alcohol Use Disorder. | LitMetric

Neurofunctional Domains Derived From Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Alcohol Use Disorder.

Am J Psychiatry

Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), Bethesda (Kwako, Schwandt, Diazgranados, Goldman); Section on Human Psychopharmacology, NIAAA, Bethesda (Ramchandani); Office of the Director, NIAAA, Bethesda (Koob); Office of the Director, NIDA, Bethesda (Volkow); Division of Epidemiology, Services, and Prevention, NIDA, Bethesda (Blanco); and Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIAAA, Bethesda (Goldman).

Published: September 2019

AI Article Synopsis

  • The study aimed to identify three key neurofunctional domains—incentive salience, negative emotionality, and executive function—that are crucial in the addiction cycle, specifically for alcohol use disorder.
  • It involved analyzing clinical, behavioral, and self-report data from 454 participants, using a statistical method called MIMIC to uncover predictors of these domains.
  • Results supported a three-factor model as the best fit, showing connections between these neurofunctional domains and factors like early-life stress and sociodemographic variables, suggesting the need for further validation and exploration across different addiction disorders.

Article Abstract

Objective: The authors evaluated whether three neurofunctional domains proposed to be critical in the addiction cycle, namely, incentive salience, negative emotionality, and executive function, could be identified through factor analysis of a deeply phenotyped clinical sample.

Methods: Clinical, behavioral, and self-report measures of addiction, personality, cognition, behavior, and exposure to early-life stress were collected as part of a screening and natural history study of alcohol use disorders in 454 individuals representing the spectrum of alcohol use and use disorders. The multiple indicators, multiple causes (MIMIC) approach was used to identify significant predictors of the latent factors identified by the analysis.

Results: The results showed significant support for both three- and four-factor models to explain biobehavioral variation in this sample of participants with alcohol use disorder and control subjects, but the three-factor model had the best fit indices. With some nuances, including cross-correlation (lack of independence) between the three factors, the factors corresponded to incentive salience, negative emotionality, and executive function (executive control). The MIMIC model revealed that both exposure to early-life stress and sociodemographic variables predicted these factors.

Conclusions: These findings suggest that three correlated neurofunctional domains are relevant for alcohol use disorder. More work is required to validate and standardize measures of neurofunctional domains in alcohol use disorder, to extend these findings to other addictive disorders, and to relate variations in them to predisposition, clinical course, treatment response, neuroimaging data, and other psychophysical indicators.

Download full-text PDF

Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6609498PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.18030357DOI Listing

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