Modern Portfolio Theory is a well-established method in economic research for considering the risks and returns in asset allocations and the potential benefits of diversification for risk averse agents. Thus, it is a useful tool for guiding sustainability discourse under uncertain future states. Existing discussions around the method's use in environmental research have evolved during over the 75 years of its application, leading to a continued renewal of perspectives on utilising it. We classify the environmental questions where portfolio theory has been applied, and critically discuss the methodological approaches taken; providing a stepping stone for future use of the method. This article provides a framework for its application in environmental research using the following questions: 1) what is the type of research or management question and objective(s) of the decision-maker(s); 2) what are the definitions of the assets to be included in the portfolio; 3) what are the ways that returns are valued, discounted, distributed and weighted; 4) what is the most appropriate way for risks to be accounted for and managed, including the selection of the appropriate model and taking into account risk preferences; and 5) what are the definitions of constraints in the programming problem.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.10.049 | DOI Listing |
Entropy (Basel)
December 2024
Volgenau School of Engineering, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, MSN 5D3, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA.
Generative Bayesian Computation (GBC) methods are developed to provide an efficient computational solution for maximum expected utility (MEU). We propose a density-free generative method based on quantiles that naturally calculates expected utility as a marginal of posterior quantiles. Our approach uses a deep quantile neural estimator to directly simulate distributional utilities.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
January 2025
School of Mathematics & Statistic, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, China.
Against the backdrop of an aging population, community pension initiatives are gaining traction, permeating societal landscapes. This study delves into the equilibrium strategy within the context of a defined benefit pension plan, employing a differential game framework with a community pension model. Hence, the model entails the company's controls over investment rates in funds, juxtaposed with employees' inclination towards a greater proportion of community pension allocation in said funds.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCurr Biol
December 2024
College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
There is increasing evidence that ecosystems are affected by multiple global change factors, impeding the sustainability of multiple soil functions. Biodiversity can buffer ecosystem functions against environmental changes, a concept largely supported by insurance and portfolio theories. However, the role of soil biodiversity, especially the diversity of abundant and rare microbial taxa, in regulating soil multifunctionality resistance under an increasing number of global change factors remains poorly explored.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Commun
December 2024
Department of Food Science, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Stocking Hall, Ithaca, NY, USA.
The rising demand for gold requires innovative methods for its recovery from e-waste. Here we present the synthesis of two tetrazine-based vinyl-linked covalent organic frameworks: TTF-COF and TPE-COF that adsorb gold ions and nanoparticles and catalyze the carboxylation of terminal alkynes. These covalent organic frameworks have low band gaps and high photocurrent responses.
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