Prevention and treatment of sexually transmitted infections in high-risk individuals, including patients with HIV infection.

Sexually transmitted infections are a global public health problem both due to their high prevalence and due to their morbidity. A rapid and precise diagnosis is key to establishing appropriate targeted treatment and also to decreasing dissemination of these diseases among the high-risk population. To perform adequate testing for sexually transmitted infections, many of which are asymptomatic, it is necessary to carry out the diagnostic testing according to the clinical and behavioural indicators. The preventive advice must be comprehensive and personalised. The incorporation and improvement of molecular biology techniques is a very useful tool, complementing the classic techniques, such as microscopy and culture. Correct diagnosis will allow for an adequate treatment from the beginning, preventing the possible onset and dissemination of antibiotic resistance, an emerging problem in the current context of sexually transmitted infections.