AI Article Synopsis
- The study explored how regular and diet lemonade affect urine parameters linked to kidney stone formation in healthy adults.
- Both types of lemonade increased urine volume compared to a baseline diet, but only diet lemonade significantly raised urinary citrate levels.
- Diet lemonade also lowered the risk of certain types of kidney stones more effectively than regular lemonade, while being a lower-calorie option.
Article Abstract
Purpose: To determine the effects of regular and diet lemonade upon urinary parameters affecting kidney stone formation.
Methods: In this prospective blinded crossover study, 12 healthy participants consumed either 2 L of regular or diet lemonade daily while on a standardized low sodium moderate calcium diet. Twenty four-hour urine collections were obtained at baseline on the controlled diet only and on days 4 and 5 of each treatment phase. There was a 1-week washout period between regular and diet lemonade treatments. Primary outcomes were urine citrate, pH, and volume determined by 24-hour urine collections. Secondary outcomes included the supersaturation of calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, and uric acid.
Results: Urine volume was significantly higher with both regular and diet lemonade consumption compared with baseline values. Urinary citrate significantly increased from baseline with diet lemonade only. Urine pH was unchanged with both beverages. The supersaturation of calcium oxalate significantly decreased with diet lemonade only, whereas supersaturation of calcium phosphate decreased with both beverages. Daily consumption of 2 L of regular and diet lemonade resulted in an intake of 168.4 and 170.2 mEq of citrate but a total alkali intake of 12.2 and 16.0 mEq, respectively. Compared with diet lemonade, regular lemonade provided subjects with 805 additional calories and 225 g of sugar per day.
Conclusions: Diet lemonade may provide a low-calorie sugar-free cost-effective option for decreasing the risk of recurrent calcium nephrolithiasis through a significant increase in urine volume, increase in urinary citrate, and reduction in supersaturation of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/end.2018.0623 | DOI Listing |
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