Successful treatment with temozolomide in an elderly woman with advanced pulmonary large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma: A case report.

Rationale: Pulmonary large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) is a rare type of lung cancer, and 40% of patients are in stage IV at initial diagnosis. It has an extremely poor prognosis with a 1-year survival rate of 27%. Patients with LCNEC are predominantly male, older, and heavy smokers. There has been no clinical trial conducted to determine the best treatment for advanced LCNEC. Temozolomide (TMZ) has been successfully used to treat a variety of malignancies, such as glioblastoma multiforme, astrocytoma, non-small-cell lung carcinoma. However, its efficacy in advanced stage pulmonary LCNEC has rarely been studied.

Patient Concerns: We present the rare case of a 69-year-old woman with advanced pulmonary LCNEC. She complained of recurrent dry cough for more than 1 month.

Diagnoses: After chest computed tomography (CT) and biopsies of supraclavicular lymph nodes, the diagnosis of stage IIIB LCNEC of the lung was made.

Interventions: Four cycles of chemotherapy with etoposide and cisplatin was administered as the first-line regimen. As the disease progressed, we administered icotinib and liposomal paclitaxel. Finally, we administrated TMZ as the third-line regimen.

Outcomes: The patient showed partial response after 5 months. She has survived for 19 months from the time of diagnosis with a good performance status.

Lessons: TMZ appears to be an efficacious option to treat elderly patients with advanced LCNEC.