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The Development of Ebola Virus Outbreaks: A Review of Epidemiological Trends, Clinical Features, and Treatment Advances.
Cureus
November 2024
Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, SDN.
The Ebola virus, a filovirus that causes human Ebola virus disease (EVD), has caused multiple epidemics in the African continent for about 50 years. Wild animals were the source from which the virus was transmitted to humans, and it spread among people through direct contact. The majority of Ebola outbreaks occurred in African nations, particularly in Sudan, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Uganda, and Gabon.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEbola Outbreak Response in the DRC with rVSV-ZEBOV-GP Ring Vaccination.
N Engl J Med
December 2024
From the Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale and Faculté de Médecine, Université de Kinshasa (J.-J.M., P.M.-K., S.M., S.A.-M.), and the Ministry of Public Health (S.H.B.M., N.T., E.M.M.) - both in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; the Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford (H.P., R.P.), and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London (C.H.R., M.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; University of Florida, Gainesville (I.M.L.); and the World Health Organization, Geneva (A.D., A.T., G.E., P.-S.G., X.R.B., M.N.K.Y., A.S.G., I.-S.F., P.S., M.J.R., A.M.H.-R.).
Background: At the beginning of the 2018-2020 outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), no vaccine had been licensed. However, cluster-randomized evidence from Guinea in 2015 had indicated that ring vaccination around new cases (targeting contacts and contacts-of-contacts) with the use of single-dose live-replicating rVSV-ZEBOV-GP vaccine reduced EVD rates starting 10 days after vaccination. Thus, ring vaccination was added to the standard control measures for that outbreak.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnraveling the effects of the Ebola experience on behavior choices during COVID-19 in Liberia: a mixed-methods study across successive outbreaks.
BMC Glob Public Health
April 2024
College of Health Sciences, University of Liberia, Monrovia, Liberia.
Background: The burden of the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of morbidity and mortality differentially affected populations. Between and within populations, behavior change was likewise heterogeneous. Factors influencing precautionary behavior adoption during COVID-19 have been associated with multidimensional aspects of risk perception; however, the influence of lived experiences during other recent outbreaks on behavior change during COVID-19 has been less studied.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFQualitative insights on emergency preparedness and response to marburg virus disease in Ghana: The role of risk communication and community engagement.
PLoS One
December 2024
Catholic Health Service Trust, Accra, Ghana.
Objectives: Faith-based healthcare providers have played pivotal roles in recent public health responses to disease outbreaks, such as Ebola, COVID-19, and Marburg Virus Disease. However, the literature on their performance remains scarce. This research therefore evaluates the risk communication and community engagement capacity of the Christian Health Association of Ghana (CHAG) during the Marburg Disease Virus outbreak in Ghana.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMolecular detection of dengue virus from febrile patients in Ghana.
BMC Infect Dis
December 2024
Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
Background: Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) belong to a group of viral infectious diseases that interfere with the blood's clotting mechanism. VHF has a wide host range, including bats, rodents, or arthropods such as mosquitoes and ticks. Most VHFs emerge suddenly as outbreaks, making it difficult to predict occurrence.
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