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Role of the gut microbiome in psychological symptoms associated with inflammatory bowel diseases.

Semin Immunopathol

January 2025

Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.

The brain-gut axis constitutes the basis for the bidirectional communication between the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract driven by neural, hormonal, metabolic, immunological, and microbial signals. Alterations in the gut microbiome composition as observed in inflammatory bowel diseases can modulate brain function and emerging empirical evidence has indicated that interactions among the brain-gut microbiome-axis seem to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of both inflammatory bowel diseases and psychiatric disorders and their comorbidity. Yet, the immunological and molecular mechanisms underlying the co-occurrence of inflammatory bowel diseases and psychological symptoms are still poorly understood.

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[The intestinal microbiota in inflammatory bowel diseases].

Inn Med (Heidelb)

January 2025

Lehrstuhl für Ernährung und Immunologie, School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 2, 85354, Freising, Deutschland.

Background: The intestinal microbiota comprises all living microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract and is crucial for its function. Clinical observations and laboratory findings confirm a central role of the microbiota in chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). However, many mechanistic details remain unclear.

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Background: Non-absorbed dietary emulsifiers, including carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), directly disturb intestinal microbiota, thereby promoting chronic intestinal inflammation in mice. A randomised controlled-feeding study (Functional Research on Emulsifiers in Humans, FRESH) found that CMC also detrimentally impacts intestinal microbiota in some, but not all, healthy individuals.

Objectives: This study aimed to establish an approach for predicting an individual's sensitivity to dietary emulsifiers via their baseline microbiota.

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Whipworms (Trichuris spp) are ubiquitous parasites of humans and domestic and wild mammals that cause chronic disease, considerably impacting human and animal health. Egg hatching is a critical phase in the whipworm life cycle that marks the initiation of infection, with newly hatched larvae rapidly migrating to and invading host intestinal epithelial cells. Hatching is triggered by the host microbiota; however, the physical and chemical interactions between bacteria and whipworm eggs, as well as the bacterial and larval responses that result in the disintegration of the polar plug and larval eclosion, are not completely understood.

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Backgrounds: Abuse of feed supplement can cause oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in Gallus gallus. Synbiotics are composed of prebiotics and probiotics and it possess huge application potentials in the treatment of animal diseases.

Methods: This study examined the effect of d-tagatose on the probiotic properties of L.

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