AI Article Synopsis
- Plant vacuoles are crucial for growth and development, and two main theories exist about how they form: one suggests they originate from endosome fusion while the other proposes they come from the endoplasmic reticulum.
- This study utilized 3D electron tomography, revealing that small vacuoles (SVs) act as the initial stages of vacuole development in Arabidopsis root cells and that these SVs primarily stem from the fusion of multivesicular bodies (MVBs).
- Analysis showed that the formation of central vacuoles relies on the transition from MVBs to SVs and requires functional MVBs and membrane fusion processes, as evidenced by studies of mutants lacking these capabilities.
Article Abstract
Plant vacuoles are dynamic organelles that play essential roles in regulating growth and development. Two distinct models of vacuole biogenesis have been proposed: separate vacuoles are formed by the fusion of endosomes, or the single interconnected vacuole is derived from the endoplasmic reticulum. These two models are based on studies of two-dimensional (2D) transmission electron microscopy and 3D confocal imaging, respectively. Here, we performed 3D electron tomography at nanometre resolution to illustrate vacuole biogenesis in Arabidopsis root cells. The whole-cell electron tomography analysis first identified unique small vacuoles (SVs; 400-1,000 nm in diameter) as nascent vacuoles in early developmental cortical cells. These SVs contained intraluminal vesicles and were mainly derived/matured from multivesicular body (MVB) fusion. The whole-cell vacuole models and statistical analysis on wild-type root cells of different vacuole developmental stages demonstrated that central vacuoles were derived from MVB-to-SV transition and subsequent fusions of SVs. Further electron tomography analysis on mutants defective in MVB formation/maturation or vacuole fusion demonstrated that central vacuole formation required functional MVBs and membrane fusion machineries.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41477-018-0328-1 | DOI Listing |
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