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Seasonality Drives Microbial Community Structure, Shaping both Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Host⁻Viral Relationships in an Arctic Marine Ecosystem. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • The study investigated how seasonal changes in light and nutrients affect virus communities in the Arctic marine environment through research conducted around Svalbard over a year.
  • Using advanced metabarcoding techniques, researchers focused on specific types of viruses that infect tiny marine organisms, revealing that seasonality is a major factor shaping these viral communities.
  • Results showed a significant drop in viral diversity during the spring bloom, with a peak in diversity in winter, indicating that viral lysis (the breakdown of cells by viruses) plays a crucial role during low productivity periods in polar waters.

Article Abstract

The Arctic marine environment experiences dramatic seasonal changes in light and nutrient availability. To investigate the influence of seasonality on Arctic marine virus communities, five research cruises to the west and north of Svalbard were conducted across one calendar year, collecting water from the surface to 1000 m in depth. We employed metabarcoding analysis of major capsid protein and genes in order to investigate T4-like myoviruses and large dsDNA viruses infecting prokaryotic and eukaryotic picophytoplankton, respectively. Microbial abundances were assessed using flow cytometry. Metabarcoding results demonstrated that seasonality was the key mediator shaping virus communities, whereas depth exerted a diversifying effect within seasonal virus assemblages. Viral diversity and virus-to-prokaryote ratios (VPRs) dropped sharply at the commencement of the spring bloom but increased across the season, ultimately achieving the highest levels during the winter season. These findings suggest that viral lysis may be an important process during the polar winter, when productivity is low. Furthermore, winter viral communities consisted of Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) distinct from those present during the spring-summer season. Our data provided a first insight into the diversity of viruses in a hitherto undescribed marine habitat characterized by extremes in light and productivity.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6315344PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v10120715DOI Listing

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