Catabolic changes of rat temporomandibular joint discs induced by unilateral anterior crossbite.

Background: The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc plays a role in joint movement and in load absorbance and distribution. An experimental unilateral anterior crossbite (UAC) prosthesis induces mandibular condylar cartilage degeneration in rats. However, the changes in the articular disc are still unknown.

Objective: To describe changes in the TMJ discs of UAC rats.

Methods: The discs of fifty-four Sprague-Dawley rats, equally distributed into a UAC group and an age-matched sham-operated control group at 4, 12 and 20 weeks (n = 9), were evaluated by gross and histomorphological observation and by detection at the mRNA or protein expression levels of the markers related to the matrix elements.

Results: No macro- or micro-morphological differences were observed between groups. However, there were catabolic degradative changes at the molecular level in the UAC group, showing a significant reduction in the mRNA and/or protein expression levels of many molecules. The reduction became worse with time (P < 0.05). The reduced molecules included: (a) those related to the extracellular matrix, such as type I collagen, decorin and fibromodulin; (b) those related to chondrogenesis, such as type II collagen and aggrecan; and (c) those related to osteogenesis, such as alkaline phosphatase and runt-related transcription factor 2. The mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor did not change. In contrast, fibronectin, which can promote wound healing, and its N-terminal fragment, which can induce cartilage degradation, were accumulated (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: TMJ discs were stimulated to catabolic changes by the aberrant dental occlusion and seemed to go to inanimate with time.