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The Influence of Pentraxin 3 on the Ovarian Function and Its Impact on Fertility. | LitMetric

The Influence of Pentraxin 3 on the Ovarian Function and Its Impact on Fertility.

Front Immunol

Histology and Embryology Section, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," Rome, Italy.

Published: October 2019

AI Article Synopsis

  • Follicular development in humans is a complex process lasting over 6 months and is regulated by hormones, growth factors, and inflammation-related factors that influence cell growth and the ability to ovulate.
  • Low-grade inflammation can disrupt this process, leading to issues with follicle growth and reproductive failure, while certain immune response factors are crucial for ovulation and fertilization.
  • Recent studies reveal that pentraxin 3 (PTX3) plays a significant role in female fertility, serving as a marker for oocyte quality and potentially influencing ovarian health through its levels and interactions in the follicle during maturation.

Article Abstract

Follicular development is a highly coordinated process that in humans takes more than 6 months. Pituitary gonadotropins and a variety of locally produced growth factors and cytokines are involved in determining a precise sequence of changes in cell metabolism, proliferation, vascularization, and matrix remodeling in order to obtain a follicle with full ovulatory and steroidogenic capability. A low-grade inflammation can alter such processes leading to premature arrest of follicular growth and female reproductive failure. On the other hand, factors that are involved in inflammatory response as well as in innate immunity are physiologically upregulated in the follicle at the final stage of maturation and play an essential role in ovulation and fertilization. The generation of pentraxin 3 (PTX3) deficient mice provided the first evidence that this humoral pattern recognition molecule of the innate immunity has a non-redundant role in female fertility. The expression, localization, and molecular interactions of PTX3 in the periovulatory follicle have been extensively studied in the last 10 years. In this review, we summarize findings demonstrating that PTX3 is synthesized before ovulation by cells surrounding the oocyte and actively participates in the organization of the hyaluronan-rich provisional matrix required for successful fertilization. Data in humans tend to confirm these findings, indicating PTX3 as a biomarker of oocyte quality. Moreover, we discuss the emerging evidence that in humans altered PTX3 systemic levels, determined by genetic variations and/or low-grade chronic inflammation, can also impact the growth and development of the follicle and affect the incidence of ovarian disorders.

Download full-text PDF

Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6283082PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.02808DOI Listing

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