Managing patient interactions in the age of the Internet can be particularly difficult due to the vast amount of information available. Dermatologists should be able to identify relevant patient concerns to adequately address them. We discuss the ethical issues involved in interacting with patients who use the Internet for medical knowledge, and we suggest a method, using the "three Rs" (reassure, redirect, refer), to conduct these interactions. Appropriate evaluation and categorization of patients with regard to their concerns and needs can help guide physicians on how to use the three Rs in managing patient care and expectations.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clindermatol.2018.08.002 | DOI Listing |
Immunol Cell Biol
January 2025
The Babraham Institute, Babraham Hall, Cambridge, UK.
This report presents findings from a group of UK-based researchers with expertise in the use of animal models for bone marrow ablation and reconstitution. The primary aim is to facilitate the implementation of the Three Rs (Replacement, Reduction and Refinement), with an emphasis on refinement. Bone marrow ablation and reconstitution procedures are performed for a number of different purposes and conducted predominantly in mice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Hazard Mater
January 2025
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China. Electronic address:
With the aid of radical and non-radical reactive species (RS), advanced oxidation processes can efficiently degrade emerging organic contaminants including antibiotics but may generate toxic transformation products (TPs). However, the detoxification capacity of popular RS has not been well elucidated. This study compared the detoxification of enrofloxacin (ENR) with three RS-dominated systems: O, SO+OH, OH.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAltern Lab Anim
January 2025
Roper Toxicology Consulting Limited, Edinburgh, UK.
Increasing the use of microphysiological systems (MPS) in Three Rs and regulatory applications is a nuanced but important goal, which would also help increase their scientific impact. There are three distinct and important stakeholder groups that each play a unique role in expediting the use of MPS for regulatory purpose - namely, commercial MPS developers, end-users and regulators. Additionally, non-profit organisations, such as the 3Rs Collaborative (3RsC), can help coordinate these efforts.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiomolecules
November 2024
Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), 45071 Toledo, Spain.
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance (IR), which is prevalent worldwide and has significant adverse health effects. Metformin is commonly prescribed as a pharmacological treatment. Physical exercise is also recognized as an effective regulator of glycemia, independent of metformin.
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