AI Article Synopsis
- The study investigates how neighborhood characteristics relate to cumulative biological risk (CBR) and gender differences in CBR in Jamaica, amidst rising non-communicable diseases.
- A cross-sectional survey involved 2,544 participants, where CBR was measured using various health indicators and analyzed for clustering by neighborhood.
- Results showed that women had higher CBR than men, and those in disordered neighborhoods had a 26% increased risk, while greater recreational space was linked to a 25% reduced risk, highlighting the need for policy focus on neighborhood factors.
Article Abstract
Objective: To examine whether neighbourhood characteristics are associated with cumulative biological risk (CBR) and sex differences in CBR in a nationally representative sample in Jamaica, a small island developing country with increasing prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs).
Design: Cross-sectional study SETTING: A population-based cross-sectional survey, the Jamaica Health and Lifestyle Survey 2008 (JHLS II) recruited persons at their homes over a 4 month period from all 14 parishes and 113 neighbourhoods defined as enumeration districts (EDs).
Participants: 2544 persons aged 15-74 years old from the 2008 Jamaica Health and Lifestyle Survey (JHLS II), who completed interviewer-administered questionnaires and had biomarkers assessed, and whose home addresses could be reliably geocoded.
Primary Outcome: A summary measure CBR was created using seven markers-systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings, waist circumference, body mass index, total cholesterol, fasting blood glucose levels and self-reported asthma. Weighted multilevel models examined clustering, using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), of CBR across neighbourhoods and the impact of neighbourhood characteristics (recreational space availability and neighbourhood disorder) on CBR.
Results: Women had significantly higher mean CBR scores than men across all age groups. There was significant clustering of CBR by ED, and among women versus men (ICC: F=6.9%, M=0.7%). Women living in more disordered neighbourhoods were 26% more likely to have high CBR as those in less disordered ones (aOR=1.26, 95% CI=1.08 to 1.47; p<0.05). Individuals living in EDs with greater recreational space availability were 25% less likely to have a high CBR (aOR=0.75, 95% CI=0.64 to 0.90; p<0.05).
Conclusions: Policy-makers in Jamaica should pay greater attention to neighbourhood factors such as recreational space availability and neighbourhood disorder that may contribute to CBR in any effort to curtail the epidemic of NCDs.
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|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6303643 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-021952 | DOI Listing |
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