Highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) came to the attention of the international sci- entific community for the first time in 1997 at Hong Kong. The current global spread of hu- man infection by this subtype started in 2003. Since then, many clinical case reports on H5N1 have been reported. In 2013, China WHO reported new avian influenza virus H7N9 infected to human. After 2013 season, H7N9 infection occurred seasonally in mainly China and total number of patients reached nearly one thousand in 2016 season. Clinically, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) associated with avian influenza vi- rus infection is more severe than usual, which mortality rate reaches nearly 60%. A patholog- ical study of post-mortem biopsied lung tissues revealed that H5N1 infected alveolar epithe- lial cells and caused primary viral pneumonia, which subsequently developed into ARDS.
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Front Vet Sci
February 2025
Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
Introduction: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a major cause of acute hepatitis in humans and recognized as a zoonotic pathogen, with swine serving as a primary reservoir. Despite substantial research, comprehensive analysis encompassing regional variations and pig growth stages within China, as well as the influence of recent biosecurity measures on HEV prevalence, remains limited. In this study, we aim to assess the prevalence and risk factors associated with swine HEV in China.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Med
March 2025
Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Avian H5N1 influenza viruses are circulating widely in cattle and other mammals and pose a risk for a human pandemic. Previous studies suggest that older humans are more resistant to H5N1 infections due to childhood imprinting with other group 1 viruses (H1N1 and H2N2); however, the immunological basis for this is incompletely understood. Here we measured H5N1 antibody responses in sera from 157 individuals born between 1927 and 2016.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPoult Sci
March 2025
Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Bei'jing 100193, PR China. Electronic address:
In recent years, the H9N2 subtype of LPAI has become one of the most widespread diseases in poultry in the world, and infected poultry usually show no obvious symptoms, mainly in the form of reduced performance. However, when secondary infection with other pathogenic bacteria occurs, it can significantly increase the morbidity and mortality of poultry, causing huge losses to the poultry industry. At present, vaccination is still the most common way to prevent and control avian influenza, but the traditional vaccine has deficiencies such as short duration of maintaining immunity, poor mucosal immunity and re-enforcement of virulence.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExpedition finds the virus in 13 bird and seal species around the Antarctic Peninsula.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep
March 2025
Persons who work closely with dairy cows, poultry, or other animals with suspected or confirmed infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) viruses are at increased risk for infection. In September 2024, the California Department of Public Health was notified of the first human case of HPAI A(H5N1) in California through monitoring of workers on farms with infected cows. During September 30-December 24, 2024, a total of 38 persons received positive test results for HPAI A(H5N1) viruses in California; 37 were dairy farm workers with occupational exposure to sick cows, and one was a child aged <18 years with an undetermined exposure, the first pediatric HPAI A(H5N1) case reported in the United States.
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