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Appropriate scaling of motor output from mouse to humans is essential. The motoneurons that generate all motor output are, however, very different in rodents compared with humans, being smaller and much more excitable. In contrast, feline motoneurons are more similar to those in humans. These scaling differences need to be taken into account for the use of rodents for translational studies of motor output.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiol.00021.2018 | DOI Listing |
Adv Sci (Weinh)
March 2025
Department of Neurobiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China.
The dynamic interaction between central respiratory chemoreceptors and the respiratory central pattern generator constitutes a critical homeostatic axis for stabilizing breathing rhythm and pattern, yet its circuit-level organization remains poorly characterized. Here, the functional connectivity between two key medullary hubs: the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) and the preBötzinger complex (preBötC) are systematically investigated. These findings delineate a medullary network primarily comprising Phox2b-expressing NTS neurons (NTS), GABAergic NTS neurons (NTS), and somatostatin (SST)-expressing preBötC neurons (preBötC).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Commun
March 2025
The Edmond and Lily Safra Center For Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
The cerebellum plays a key role in motor adaptation by driving trial-to-trial recalibration of movements based on previous errors. In primates, cortical correlates of adaptation are encoded already in the pre-movement motor plan, but these early cortical signals could be driven by a cerebellar-to-cortical information flow or evolve independently through intracortical mechanisms. To address this question, we trained female macaque monkeys to reach against a viscous force field (FF) while blocking cerebellar outflow.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
March 2025
School of Mechanical and Electronically Engineering, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
The high magnetic saturation at flux isolation bridge of interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) enriches the harmonic content of air gap flux density. When IPMSM operates at low speeds, these harmonics of air gap flux density increase torque ripple. An IPMSM with I2V type is proposed to further improve sine degree of no-load air gap flux density, achieving high torque density and low torque ripple.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Neurosci
March 2025
School of Psychology, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT.
The motor system adapts its output in response to experienced errors to maintain effective movement in a dynamic environment. This learning is thought to utilize sensory prediction errors, the discrepancy between predicted and observed sensory feedback, to update internal models that map motor outputs to sensory states. However, it remains unclear sensory information is relevant (e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBrain Res Bull
March 2025
International School for Optoelectronic Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, P R China. Electronic address:
Traditional machine learning methods struggle with efficiency when processing large-scale data, while deep learning approaches, such as convolutional neural networks (CNN) and long short-term memory networks (LSTM), exhibit certain limitations when handling long-duration sequences. The choice of convolutional kernel size needs to be determined after several experiments, and LSTM has difficulty capturing effective information from long-time sequences. In this paper, we propose a transfer learning (TL) method based on Transformer, which constructs a new network architecture for feature extraction and classification of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals in the time-space domain, named TS-former.
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