AI Article Synopsis
- - Mammary gland development involves complex processes influenced by various factors like cytokines, hormones, and growth factors, with Gas6 being a significant protein that interacts with a specific receptor family.
- - Gas6 is predominantly found in adult mammary glands but its expression decreases during pregnancy and lactation; it is present in both luminal and basal epithelial cells during puberty and adulthood.
- - The study shows that the absence of Gas6 does not negatively affect mammary gland development, as both structural and cellular characteristics remain similar in Gas6-deficient and normal mice.
Article Abstract
Mammary gland development is a complex and dynamic process that occurs mainly postnatally. Ductal elongation and branching morphogenesis are regulated by a plethora of factors, including cytokines, hormones, growth factors and the extracellular matrix. Gas6 is a secreted gamma-carboxylated protein that binds to a family of receptors tyrosine kinase receptors known as the TAMR family (Tyro3, Axl, Mer). Gas6 function in developmental processes has been shown in nervous, reproductive and immune systems. In this study, we found that Gas6 is highly expressed in virgin adult mammary glands but declines during pregnancy and lactation. Specifically, Gas6 is highly expressed in luminal and basal mammary epithelial cells during puberty and adulthood, while TAMR expression is low. Mammary whole mount analysis revealed that Gas6 germline deletion does not impact ductal elongation, branching morphogenesis or terminal end bud formation. Masson's trichrome staining showed that collagen deposition is similar in Gas6-/- mice as compared to wildtype mice. Gas6-/- mammary glands presented an organized luminal and myoepithelial bilayer of cells, and the proportion of mammary stem cells was unchanged in Gas6-/- mammary glands as compared to wildtype. Finally, proliferation of epithelial cells and macrophage number were similar in both groups. These studies suggest that Gas6 is not essential for pubertal mammary gland development in nulliparous mice.
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Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6289431 | PMC |
| http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0208550 | PLOS |
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