Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) is an important regulator of virus-induced antiviral interferons (IFNs) and proinflammatory cytokines. It requires interaction with an adaptor molecule, mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS), to activate downstream signaling pathways. To elucidate the mechanism(s) by which RIG-I-dependent recognition of IAV infection triggers innate immune responses, we infected mutant mice lacking RIG-I or MAVS with influenza A virus (IAV) and measured their innate immune responses. As has previously been demonstrated with isolated deletion of the virus recognition receptors TLR3, TLR7, and NOD2, RIG-I or MAVS knockout (KO) did not result in higher mortality and did not reduce IAV-induced cytokine responses in mice. Infected RIG-I KO animals displayed similar lung inflammation profiles as did WT mice, in terms of the protein concentration, total cell count, and inflammatory cell composition in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. RNA-Seq results demonstrated that all types of mice exhibited equivalent antiviral and inflammatory gene responses following IAV infection. Together, the results indicated that although RIG-I is important in innate cytokine responses , individual deletion of the genes encoding RIG-I or MAVS did not change survival or innate responses after IAV infection in mice.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6808934 | DOI Listing |
Virulence
December 2025
Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproducts Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou, China.
Several viruses, including influenza A virus (IAV), encode viral factors to hijack cellular RNA biogenesis processes to direct the degradation of host mRNAs, termed "host shutoff." Host shutoff enables viruses to simultaneously reduce antiviral responses and provides preferential access for viral mRNAs to cellular translation machinery. IAV PA-X is one of these factors that selectively shuts off the global host genes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSignal Transduct Target Ther
December 2024
National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
Metabolic reprogramming of host cells plays critical roles during viral infection. Itaconate, a metabolite produced from cis-aconitate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) by immune responsive gene 1 (IRG1), is involved in regulating innate immune response and pathogen infection. However, its involvement in viral infection and underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Nanomedicine
December 2024
Department of Immunology, Oncology and Nanobiomedicine Initiative, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
Background: Severe Acute Respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Influenza A viruses (IAVs) are among the most important causes of viral respiratory tract infections, causing similar symptoms. IAV and SARS-CoV-2 infections can provoke mild symptoms like fever, cough, sore throat, loss of taste or smell, or they may cause more severe consequences leading to pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome or even death. While treatments for IAV and SARS-CoV-2 infection are available, IAV antivirals often target viral proteins facilitating the emergence of drug-resistant viral variants.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVirus Evol
December 2024
Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada.
Wild birds are important hosts of influenza A viruses (IAVs) and play an important role in their ecology. The emergence of the A/goose/Guangdong/1/1996 H5N1 (Gs/GD) lineage marked a shift in IAV ecology, leading to recurrent outbreaks and mortality in wild birds from 2002 onwards. This lineage has evolved and diversified over time, with a recent important derivative being the 2.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Int
December 2024
Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States. Electronic address:
Wastewater-based estimation of infectious disease prevalence in real-time assists public health authorities in developing effective responses to current outbreaks. However, wastewater-based estimation for IAV remains poorly demonstrated, partially because of a lack of knowledge about temporal variation in shedding amount of an IAV-infected person. In this study, we applied two mathematical models to previously collected wastewater and clinical data from four U.
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