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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6238513 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0972-4052.244676 | DOI Listing |
J Pain
September 2010
Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
Unlabelled: This document reports the consensus of an interdisciplinary panel of research and clinical experts charged with reviewing the use of opioids for chronic noncancer pain (CNCP) and formulating guidelines for future research. Prescribing opioids for chronic noncancer pain has recently escalated in the United States. Contrasting with increasing opioid use are: 1) The lack of evidence supporting long-term effectiveness; 2) Escalating misuse of prescription opioids including abuse and diversion; and 3) Uncertainty about the incidence and clinical salience of multiple, poorly characterized adverse drug events (ADEs) including endocrine dysfunction, immunosuppression and infectious disease, opioid-induced hyperalgesia and xerostomia, overdose, falls and fractures, and psychosocial complications.
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