Serum antimüllerian hormone is associated with the number of oocytes matured in vitro and with primordial follicle density in candidates for fertility preservation.

Objective: To assess whether serum antimüllerian hormone (AMH) levels and antral follicle count (AFC) can predict primordial follicle density within ovarian cortex and the number of oocytes cryopreserved after in vitro maturation (IVM).

Design: Retrospective analysis of a case series of patients.

Setting: University hospital.

Patient(s): Fifty-four women, 18 to 35 years of age, with breast cancer who were candidates for fertility preservation (FP) using ovarian tissue cryopreservation (OTC) associated with oocyte vitrification after unstimulated IVM between July 2013 and December 2016.

Intervention(s): Serum AMH levels and transvaginal AFC evaluated before FP, cumulus-oocyte complexes (COC) recovered under ultrasound guidance and incubated for IVM, and ovarian tissue laparoscopically harvested and cryopreserved.

Main Outcome Measure(s): Univariate and multivariate analysis between ovarian reserve tests, number of recovered and in vitro matured oocytes, and primordial follicle density histologically obtained within ovarian cortex.

Result(s): Univariate analysis showed a statistically significant correlation between AMH or AFC and primordial follicle density. Multivariate analysis showed a predominant statistically significant correlation of serum AMH with density. Antimüllerian hormone also correlated with the number of COC and in vitro matured oocytes.

Conclusion(s): Serum AMH levels may reflect the primordial follicle stockpile and may predict outcomes of IVM and OTC when performed for FP. Further analyses are required to evaluate the relevance of performing such procedures in young women who have low values on ovarian reserve tests.