Causes of recurrences after open inguinal herniorrhaphy.

Purpose: One of the most important measures of success of open inguinal herniorrhaphy is the incidence of recurrence. Reports suggest that up to 13% of all inguinal hernia repairs worldwide, irrespective of the approach, are repaired for recurrence. The reason as to why inguinal hernias recur is most likely multifactorial. The aim of this review is to evaluate the risk factors responsible for these recurrences in open suture and mesh techniques.

Methods: A search of the Medline, Embase, Science Citation Index, Current Contents and PubMed databases identified English language, peer-reviewed articles on the causes of recurrence following open inguinal herniorrhaphy published between 1990 and 2018. The search terms included 'Inguinal hernia'; 'Open methods'; 'Suture repair'; 'Mesh repair', 'Recurrence', 'Causes', 'Humans'.

Results: The literature revealed several contributing modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors that were responsible for recurrence following open suture and mesh inguinal herniorrhaphy. These included perioperative, patient and hernia factors.

Conclusions: Despite the advent of laparoscopic techniques, open inguinal herniorrhaphy remains one of the most common surgical operations. With open inguinal hernia repairs, risk factors for recurrence can be broadly classified into perioperative, patient and hernia factors. Certain patient and technical risk factors are modifiable and could reduce the recurrence rate. However, many others factors are non-modifiable. It is therefore imperative that the outcome of open inguinal herniorrhaphy must be optimised by careful planning and education for both surgeons and patients to achieve the lowest possible risk of subsequent surgery for recurrence.