Extensively drug-resistant and association in a Romanian intensive care unit: risk factors for acquisition.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors for extensively drug-resistant (XDR) (AB) and XDR association in the largest intensive care unit (ICU) in Western Romania.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective case-controlled study was conducted between January 2016 and December 2016 in the ICU of the "Pius Brînzeu" County Emergency Clinical Hospital of Timi oara. Data were collected, in strict confidentiality, from the electronic database of the Microbiology Laboratory and the hospital's electronic medical records. Risk factors were ș investigated by logistic regression. Independent variables with ≤0.05 and OR >1 (95% CI >1) in the univariate analysis were entered into multivariate sequenced analysis.

Findings: The incidence density of coinfection with XDR AB and XDR was 5.31 cases per 1,000 patient-days. Independent risk factors for the association of XDR AB and XDR were represented by the presence of tracheostomy and naso-/orogastric nutrition ≥ 8 days. In addition, pressure ulcers were independent predictive factors for infections with all three infection types. Previous antibiotic therapy was an independent risk factor for the acquisition of XDR-AB strains, alone or in association, while the prolonged hospitalization in the ICU, blood transfusion, and hemodialysis appear as independent risk factors for single infections.

Conclusion: This association of XDR AB and XDR may well not be limited to our hospital or our geographical area.