Naturally-acquired leprosy has been reported in nine-banded armadillos captured in the southern United States, a chimpanzee from Sierra Leone, and in two "sooty" mangabey monkeys from Nigeria. A significant prevalence of leprosy in wild armadillos establishes this animal as a reservoir of M. leprae, and exposure to armadillos has been implicated as a source of leprosy in humans. Current evidence suggests that leprosy is a zoonosis in certain nonhuman primate species. Control and eradication programs for leprosy should take into consideration the possible influence of extra-human sources of M. leprae, especially zoonotic leprosy.
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