The effectiveness of various pharmaceutical formulations of ketoconazole was evaluated in experimental models of cutaneous leishmaniasis (LC) in BALB C mice. Topical gel, lipogel, and cream formulations containing permeation enhancers and different concentrations of ketoconazole were prepared. Stability, toxicity and anti-Leishmania activity were determined in vitro. In addition, the effectiveness of topically applied formulations in LC-infected mice infected with Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis was evaluated in vivo. Cream formulations were additionally evaluated in mice infected with L. (V.) panamensis. The systems evaluated maintained in vitro the activity of ketoconazole against parasites; however, none of the formulations were effective in curing LC lesions in mice. Topical treatment with miltefosine (used as a control) cured the lesions. It is concluded that the ketoconazole-containing formulations designed in this study were not effective against LC in infected mice.
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