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Effects of salinity changes on aquatic organisms in a multiple stressor context. | LitMetric

Effects of salinity changes on aquatic organisms in a multiple stressor context.

Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci

Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales (ICAM), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.

Published: December 2018

AI Article Synopsis

  • Changing ion concentrations in aquatic ecosystems are affecting both freshwater and naturally saline environments due to human salt inputs and agricultural drainages.
  • A review of studies analyzed the effects of salinity and other stressors on organisms, finding that additive effects (54%) were more common than non-additive effects (46%), with antagonistic interactions prevailing in certain contexts like toxicants and vertebrates.
  • The research highlights that salinity has a significant negative impact on organism performance and suggests that efforts to address multiple stressor effects in aquatic ecosystems should focus on restoring natural salinity levels.

Article Abstract

Under global change, the ion concentration of aquatic ecosystems is changing worldwide. Many freshwater ecosystems are being salinized by anthropogenic salt inputs, whereas many naturally saline ones are being diluted by agricultural drainages. This occurs concomitantly with changes in other stressors, which can result in additive, antagonistic or synergistic effects on organisms. We reviewed experimental studies that manipulated salinity and other abiotic stressors, on inland and transitional aquatic habitats, to (i) synthesize their main effects on organisms' performance, (ii) quantify the frequency of joint effect types across studies and (iii) determine the overall individual and joint effects and their variation among salinity-stressor pairs and organism groups using meta-analyses. Additive effects were slightly more frequent (54%) than non-additive ones (46%) across all the studies ( = 105 responses). However, antagonistic effects were dominant for the stressor pair salinity and toxicants (44%, = 43), transitional habitats (48%, = 31) and vertebrates (71%, = 21). Meta-analyses showed detrimental additive joint effects of salinity and other stressors on organism performance and a greater individual impact of salinity than the other stressors. These results were consistent across stressor pairs and organism types. These findings suggest that strategies to mitigate multiple stressor impacts on aquatic ecosystems should prioritize restoring natural salinity concentrations.This article is part of the theme issue 'Salt in freshwaters: causes, ecological consequences and future prospects'.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6283958PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0011DOI Listing

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