Pharmacological activities and adverse side effects of ginkgolic acids (GAs), major components in extracts from the leaves and seed coats of Ginkgo biloba L, have been intensively studied. However, there are few reports on their hepatotoxicity. In the present study, the metabolism and hepatotoxicity of GA (17 : 1), one of the most abundant components of GAs, were investigated. Kinetic analysis indicated that human and rat liver microsomes shared similar metabolic characteristics of GA (17 : 1) in phase I and II metabolisms. The drug-metabolizing enzymes involved in GA (17 : 1) metabolism were human CYP1A2, CYP3A4, UGT1A6, UGT1A9, and UGT2B15, which were confirmed with an inhibition study of human liver microsomes and recombinant enzymes. The MTT assays indicated that the cytotoxicity of GA (17 : 1) in HepG2 cells occurred in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Further investigation showed that GA (17 : 1) had less cytotoxicity in primary rat hepatocytes than in HepG2 cells and that the toxicity was enhanced through CYP1A- and CYP3A-mediated metabolism.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1875-5364(18)30124-9 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Phthalates toxicity to rats, mice, birds, and fish: A thematic scoping review.
Heliyon
January 2025
Department of Statistics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh.
Background: Phthalates, a large group of endocrine disruptors, are ubiquitous in the environment and detrimental to human health. This scoping review aimed to summarize the effects of phthalates on laboratory animals relevant to humans, assess toxicity, and analyze mechanisms of toxicity for public health concerns.
Methods: Articles were retrieved from Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science search engines.
Korth toxicity: Experimental findings and future prospects.
J Taibah Univ Med Sci
December 2024
Drug Discovery and Synthetic Chemistry Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.
(Roxb.) Korth, locally known as kratom, is a traditional medicinal plant from Southeast Asia, with mitragynine as its principal alkaloid. Similar to other medicinal plants, kratom has side effects and toxicities, which have been documented in scientific studies and case reports.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEstrogens are key hormones that play a vital role in the physiology of the reproductive system in women. However, their therapeutic use in hormonal treatment, contraception, and the treatment of hormone-dependent diseases may be associated with a number of side effects, especially on the liver. This article focuses on the mechanisms of action of estrogens and their potential hepatotoxic effects, as well as risk factors and possible differences between representatives.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThiacloprid exposure disrupts the gut-liver axis and induces liver dysfunction in the Reeves' turtles (Mauremys reevesii).
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf
January 2025
Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China. Electronic address:
As one of the neonicotinoid insecticides, thiacloprid (THI) is extensively used in agriculture and frequently detected in various aquatic environments, posing a potential threat to aquatic organisms. However, the effects of THI exposure on aquatic turtles remain unknown. In this study, we focused on investigating whether THI has a toxic effect on the gut-liver axis in aquatic turtles.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEffects of Metamizole, 4-Methylaminoantipyrine, and 4-Aminoantipyrine on LX-2 Liver Cell Line Viability and Apoptosis.
Molecules
December 2024
Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Metamizole (dipyrone) is a non-opioid analgesic widely used in human and veterinary medicine, despite ongoing concerns about its safety due to risks such as agranulocytosis and potential hepatotoxicity. This study investigates the cytotoxic (MTT assay) and pro-apoptotic effects of metamizole and its primary metabolites, 4-methylaminoantipyrine (4-MAA) and 4-aminoantipyrine (4-AA), on the LX-2 liver cell line. These metabolites are implicated in both the therapeutic and adverse effects of the drug.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!