Fretting damage of Ni-rich ultrafine grained NiTi superelastic wires.

The effects of fretting on Ni-rich ultra-fine grained NiTi superelastic wires have been characterized. Fretting tests have been performed using wire on wire in 90° cross-cylinder configuration until 10 cycles in air at 25 °C. Constant displacement amplitude of 50 µm and normal loads of 10, 20 and 50 N were considered. For a normal load of 10 N, the tribosystem performed in Gross Slip Regime and the predominance of wear damage was observed. Mixed Fretting Regime was instead observed for normal loads of 20 N and 50 N. In these cases, the predominant damage mechanism was crack formation with the cracks oriented normal to the displacement direction. Occurrence of martensitic transformation in the contact region was inferred from the particular shape of the fretting loops. Due to their possible impact on biocompatibility, the debris detached from the tribosystem during the different experiments were collected and characterized by TEM. They consisted in agglomerations of nano-crystalline TiO (rutile) and NiO oxide particles sized between 10 and 20 nm.