Persistent radiculopathy after surgical treatment for lumbar disc herniation: causes and treatment options.

Purpose: Lumbar disc surgery is a common procedure in the USA. It is frequently performed with good or excellent results in most patients. This article reviews common causes of persistent radiculopathy after surgical intervention.

Methods: We performed an extensive review of the literature as well as applying our own experience.

Results: Common causes of persistent leg pain following operative intervention include re-herniation, epidural fibrosis, biochemical/physiologic changes in the nerve root, and psychosocial issues.

Conclusions: Patients with persistent leg pain after surgical treatment of lumbar disc herniation can pose a challenging clinical problem. Summary of these topics and available treatment options are reviewed.