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Update on HIV Chemoprevention.
Annu Rev Med
January 2025
University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Clinical AIDS Research and Education (CARE) Center, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA; email:
Despite rapid advances in the field of HIV prevention and treatment, unacceptably high global HIV incidence rates highlight the ongoing need for effective HIV prevention interventions for populations at risk for HIV acquisition. This article provides an updated review of the current data surrounding HIV prevention strategies, including treatment as prevention (TasP), preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP), and postexposure prophylaxis (PEP), as well as advances in sexually transmitted infection biomedical prevention. This review provides an overview of the multiple PrEP modalities that are available globally, such as oral PrEP, injectable cabotegravir, and the dapivirine vaginal ring, and describes their respective clinical trials, efficacies, and regulatory approvals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRift Valley fever (RVF) is a devastating zoonotic mosquito-borne viral hemorrhagic fever disease that threats human and animal health and biodiversity in Africa, including in Rwanda. RVF is increasingly outbreaking in Africa, leading to devastating impacts on health, socioeconomic stability and growth, and food insecurity in the region, particularly among livestock-dependent communi-ties. This systematic review synthesizes existing evidence on RVF's epidemiology, transmission dynamics, and the prevention and control measures implemented in Rwanda.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStructure-based identification of HNF4α agonists: Rosmarinic acid as a promising candidate for NAFLD treatment.
Comput Struct Biotechnol J
December 2024
National Vaccine Innovation Platform, Scholl of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
Unlabelled: The prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), have emerged as critical global health challenges. Current lipid-lowering pharmacotherapies are associated with side effects, including hepatotoxicity, rhabdomyolysis, and decreased erythrocyte counts, underscoring the urgent need for safer therapeutic alternatives. Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) has been identified as a pivotal regulator of lipid metabolism, making it an attractive target for drug development.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSelf-assembled palmitic acid-modified thymopentin functions as a delivery system of nanovaccine for cancer immunotherapy.
Chembiochem
January 2025
Sun Yat-Sen University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), 132, East Outer Ring Road, Panyu, 518107, Shenzhen, CHINA.
In clinical practice, thymopentin (TP-5) is a commonly utilized immunomodulatory peptide drug. The relatively short half-life of TP-5, however, significantly limits its applicability in immunotherapy. Inspired by the structure of the TLR2 ligand lipopeptide Pam3CSK4, fatty acid-modified TP-5 peptides were designed and synthesized in this study.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAcceptability of a dapivirine levonorgestrel vaginal ring in two Phase 1 trials (MTN-030/IPM 041 and MTN-044/IPM 053/CCN019): Implications for multipurpose prevention technology development.
PLoS One
January 2025
Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
End-user feedback early in product development is important for optimizing multipurpose prevention technologies for HIV and pregnancy prevention. We evaluated the acceptability of the 90-day dapivirine levonorgestrel ring (DPV-LNG ring) used for 14 days compared to a dapivirine-only ring (DVR-200mg) in MTN-030/IPM 041 (n = 23), and when used for 90 days cyclically or continuously in MTN-044/IPM 053/CCN019 (n = 25). We enrolled healthy, non-pregnant, HIV-negative women aged 18-45 in Pittsburgh, PA and Birmingham, AL (MTN-030 only).
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