The fragmentation pathways of the three ginkgolides (ginkgolides A, ginkgolides B, ginkgolides C) have been studied with high resolution and high mass accuracy using quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry in negative ion mode in this paper. The results indicate that the three ginkgolides have similar fragmentation pathways, including four kinds of common cleavage pathways and one common characteristic ion. In high quality regions, the typical fragmentation pathways of the three ginkgolides are lactone ring opening with continuous loss of CO, CO₂,and loss of H₂O. In low quality regions, the common characteristic fragment ion of the three ginkgolides at 72.993 6 is formed by C rings cleavage. Also, the common fragment ions of ginkgolides A and ginkgolides B at 141.018 8, 125.023 8, 113.024 0, 97.029 1 are formed by A rings cleavage. The study of fragmentation pathways could be adopted for the structural identification of the ginkgolides and their metabolites.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.2018.0108 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Shedding light on the role of complement C4 activation in cancer.
Hum Immunol
December 2024
Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences College of Pharmacy, California Northstate University, 9700 West Taron Drive, Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA. Electronic address:
Complement C4 is a key component in the activation of classical and lectin complement pathways, which are observed in both animal tumor models and cancer patients. While its role in autoimmune disorders has been extensively studied, the functions of complement C4 and its activation in cancer have received inadequate consideration. Recent studies have detected C4 activation in animal tumor models and cancer patients, with its fragment C4d found in cancer tissues and lymph nodes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNorepinephrine Attenuates Benzalkonium Chloride-Induced Dry Eye Disease by Regulating the PINK1/Parkin Mitophagy Pathway.
Ocul Immunol Inflamm
December 2024
Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Background: Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the pathological process of dry eye disease. Our previous results suggested that norepinephrine (NE) has a protective effect on dry eye.
Purpose: This study explored the potential therapeutic role and underlying mechanisms of NE in benzalkonium chloride (BAC)-induced dry eye disease.
Deep Proteome Coverage of Microglia Using a Streamlined Data-Independent Acquisition-Based Proteomic Workflow: Method Consideration for a Phenotypically Diverse Cell Type.
Proteomes
November 2024
Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
As the primary innate immune cells of the brain, microglia play a key role in various homeostatic and disease-related processes. To carry out their numerous functions, microglia adopt a wide range of phenotypic states. The proteomic landscape represents a more accurate molecular representation of these phenotypes; however, microglia present unique challenges for proteomic analysis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComposition of Triterpene Glycosides of the Far Eastern Sea Cucumber Levin et Stepanov; Structure Elucidation of Five Minor Conicospermiumosides A-1, A-2, A-3, A-1, and A-2; Cytotoxicity of the Glycosides Against Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines; Structure-Activity Relationships.
Mar Drugs
December 2024
G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia.
Five new non-holostane di- and trisulfated triterpene pentaosides, conicospermiumosides A-1 (), A-2 (), A-3 (), A-1 (), and A-2 () were isolated from the Far Eastern sea cucumber Levin et Stepanov (Cucumariidae, Dendrochirotida). Twelve known glycosides found earlier in other species were also obtained and identified. The structures of new compounds were established on the basis of extensive analysis of the 1D and 2D NMR spectra, as well as by the HR-ESI-MS data.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFeCl-Mediated Rearrangement of Aminoperoxides into Functionalized Tetrahydrofurans: Dynamic Non-innocence of O-Ligands at an Fe Center Coordinates a Radical Cascade.
J Am Chem Soc
December 2024
N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., Moscow 119991, Russian Federation.
The selective reaction of cyclic aminoperoxides with FeCl proceeds through a sequence of O-O and C-C bond cleavages, followed by intramolecular cyclization, yielding functionalized tetrahydrofurans in 44-82% yields. Replacing the peroxyacetal group in the peroxide structure with a peroxyaminal fragment fundamentally alters the reaction pathway. Instead of producing linear functionalized ketones, this modification leads to the formation of hard-to-access substituted tetrahydrofurans.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!