Increased end-stage renal disease risk in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A nationwide population-based study.

Aim: To estimate the risk of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Methods: From January 2010 to December 2013, patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) were identified, based on both the International Classification of Diseases, 10 revision (ICD-10) and the rare, intractable disease registration program codes from the National Health Insurance (NHI) database in South Korea. We compared 38812 patients with IBD to age- and sex-matched non-IBD controls with a ratio of 1:3. Patients newly diagnosed with ESRD were identified with the ICD-10 code.

Results: During a mean follow-up of 4.9 years, ESRD was detected in 79 (0.2%) patients with IBD and 166 (0.1%) controls. The incidence of ESRD in patients with IBD was 0.42 per 1000 person-years. Patients with IBD had a significantly higher risk of ESRD than controls [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 3.03; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.77-5.20; < 0.001]. The incidences (per 1000 person-years) of ESRD were 0.51 in patients with CD and 0.13 in controls, respectively (adjusted HR = 6.33; 95%CI: 2.75-14.56; < 0.001). In contrast, the incidence of ESRD was similar between the UC and control groups (0.37 0.37 per 1000 person-years; adjusted HR = 2.01; 95%CI: 0.90-4.51; = 0.089).

Conclusion: The risk of ESRD was elevated in patients with CD, but not UC. Patients with CD should be monitored carefully for signs of renal insufficiency.