Pharmacokinetic drug evaluation of CVT-301 for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.

Levodopa (LD), in combination with a decarboxylase inhibitor, is a mainstay and the most effective therapeutic agent in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). Unfortunately, during chronic treatment with this agent, ON-OFF phenomena and dyskinesia appear. Despite the many medical treatment options available, unpredictable OFF episodes can still occur and be severe and disabling. A rescue therapy that provides a rapid and predictable ON response for patients with OFF periods would be of great value for such patients. Areas covered: CVT-301 is a self-administered dry powder aerosol inhaled formulation of LD that is being developed as a self-administered treatment for OFF periods. The PK profile of CVT-301, the efficacy, and the safety highlighted in randomized clinical trials will be reviewed. Expert opinion: CVT-301 may offer several potential advantages including increased systemic bioavailability through pulmonary absorption, rapid onset of action, avoidance of first-pass drug metabolism and less plasma-level variability. List of Abbreviations: PD: Parkinson's disease; LD: Levodopa; CD: Carbidopa; AADC: aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase; IR: immediate-release; FPD: fine particle dose; GI: gastrointestinal; PK: pharmacokinetic; CVs: coefficient of variation; UPDRS: Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale; AEs: adverse events; FEV: forced expiratory volume; FVC: forced vital capacity; DL: diffuse lung CO ; t: time to maximum concentration.