Sphallerocarpus gracilis is a medicinal and edible plant in China with high nutritional value. We examined the structure and bioactivity of a new polysaccharide fraction purified from S. gracilis named SGP-1. This polysaccharide possessed an average molecular weight of 4.916 × 10 and was primarily composed of arabinose, mannose and glucose in a molar ratio of 1.08:94.54:4.38. Atomic force microscopy indicated that SGP-1 adopts a sphere-like chain conformation. Bioactivity tests showed that SGP-1 significantly protected PC12 cells from oxidative injury caused by HO and enhanced superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities. Moreover, SGP-1 reduced PC12 apoptosis by inhibiting Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 activities. These results provide a scientific basis for the further use of SGP-1 as a novel functional component in the treatment of oxidative damage-derived diseases.
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