Sperm quality is an important topic in general health, chemotherapy, and gamete preservation technology. Fatty acid (FA) composition of membranes, which is influenced by the diet, plays key roles in sperm biology and quality. Dietary supplementation with natural products can be used as a technique to screen potential agents to protect, modify, and recover sperm quality. In this study, zebrafish (male [♂-ZF] and female [♀-ZF]) were fed a single cultivar olive oil (OO) bioencapsulated in Artemia. OO-treated ♂-ZF had higher (p < 0.05) sperm density and motility compared to the Artemia nauplii (AN). A significant difference was also observed in follicle abundance at different stages of gametogenesis, and a nonsignificant increase in total fecundity between OO-treated ♀-ZF and the AN, although in OO-treated ♀-ZF, mature follicles had a smaller diameter. A higher fertility rate (FR) was observed in OO-treated pairs compared to the other groups. Hatching in the OO-treated fish was accelerated, although no significant differences could be found in terms of hatching rate (HR) and embryo/larval survival rate (SR). These findings in FR, HR, and SR were also confirmed in male and female replacement mating trials. Taken together, this study shows that altering the FA ratios in the diet has a clear impact on several reproductive parameters in the zebrafish, adding new information about the nutritional requirement of this model species.
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