Microwave heating in chemical reactions was first reported in 1986. There have since been many reports employing microwave heating in organic chemistry, where microwave heating has afforded higher yields of products in shorter time periods. However, such reactions are challenging to scale in batch due to the limited penetration depth of microwaves as well as the wave propagation dependence on cavity size. Continuous flow has addressed both these issues, enabling scalability of microwave processes. As such, a host of reports employing microwave flow chemistry have emerged, employing various microwave heating and reactor configurations in the context of either custom-built or commercial apparatus. The focus of this review is to present the benefits of microwave heating in the context of continuous flow and to characterize the different types of microwave flow apparatus by their design (oscillator, cavity type and reactor vessel). We advocate the adoption of tunable, solid-state oscillator single-mode microwave flow reactors which are more versatile heaters, impart better process control and energy efficiency toward laboratory and larger-scale synthetic chemistry applications.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tcr.201800104 | DOI Listing |
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January 2025
College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China. Electronic address:
Aflatoxin B (AFB) is a highly toxic, carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic mycotoxin commonly found in corn. In this work, water-assisted microwave irradiation (WMI) was used to degrade AFB in corn, during which the influencing factors and kinetics of AFB degradation were also studied. The results showed that the degree of corn crushing, the heating rate of WMI, the temperature of WMI, the solid-liquid ratio, the initial content of AFB and the microwave power were all important factors affecting the degradation of AFB.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMethods Appl Fluoresc
January 2025
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China, Shenyang, 110004, CHINA.
Molybdenum disulfide quantum dots (MoS2 QDs) is a new type of graphite like nanomaterial, which exhibited well chemical stability, unique fluorescence characteristics, and excellent biocompatibility. The conventional hydrothermal synthesis of MoS2 generally requires a long-term reaction at high temperature and high pressure. Herein, we have developed a simple and fast MoS2 QDs synthesis scheme using microwave heating, and further modified the surface of MoS2 QDs using 3-aminophenylboronic acid.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe EFSA Panel on Food Contact Materials (FCM) assessed the safety of the recycling process NGR LSP (EU register number RECYC328). The input is hot washed and dried poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) flakes mainly originating from collected post-consumer PET containers, with no more than 5% PET from non-food consumer applications. The flakes are dried (step 2), melted in an extruder (step 3) and decontaminated during a melt-state polycondensation step under high temperature and vacuum (step 4).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMethods Appl Fluoresc
January 2025
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China, Shenyang, 110004, CHINA.
Molybdenum disulfide quantum dots (MoS2 QDs) is a new type of graphite like nanomaterial, which exhibited well chemical stability, unique fluorescence characteristics, and excellent biocompatibility. The conventional hydrothermal synthesis of MoS2 generally requires a long-term reaction at high temperature and high pressure. Herein, we have developed a simple and fast MoS2 QDs synthesis scheme using microwave heating, and further modified the surface of MoS2 QDs using 3-aminophenylboronic acid.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHerein, we present a sustainable and atom-economical approach for the synthesis of quinazolinones via acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling (ADC) using earth-abundant Co-salt, (CoCl2) as the catalyst under neat condition. This method is distinguished by its green credentials, like, solvent-free, microwave-assisted heating, cost-effective, use of renewable alcohols, and generating only H2 and water as byproducts. Remarkably, this protocol achieves quinazolinone synthesis without the need for external ligands, oxidants, or additional additives.
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