Pain assessment in paediatric intensive care: the Italian COMFORT behaviour scale.

Background: Assessment of pain in paediatric intensive care units (PICUs) is crucial to minimise the risks of inadequate sedation.

Aim: To translate and validate the Italian version of the COMFORT behaviour scale (CBS) in a PICU in terms of its psychometric, construct, feasibility and reproducibility properties.

Method: Before and after tracheal suctioning, 71 observations were performed on 35 sedated and mechanically ventilated patients in three PICUs. Pain and distress were assessed using the CBS and the Nurse Interpretation of Sedation Score (NISS).

Results: Interrater agreement and interrater reliability were high before the procedure and moderate after (pre: 100%, Cohen's kappa = 1; post: 79%, Cohen's kappa = 0.558). The scale's internal consistency was calculated before and after the procedure (Cronbach's alpha = 0.81 and 0.91). Agreement between the CBS and the NISS was low before and after the procedure (20% and 28%). The agreement between the tools was low because the NISS, a tool based on expert opinion, is not as precise as the CBS and could be affected by cultural biases.

Conclusion: The Italian version of the CBS proved to be valid and reproducible for the objective measurement of pain and distress in a wide age range of patients admitted to PICUs.