In this article, ocular examination techniques are reviewed in the context of the reptilian patient. Subsequently, ocular surface anatomy and diseases are discussed. Sections for 4 of the 5 Reptilia orders are included: lizards, chelonians, crocodilians, and snakes. Literature pertaining to both wild and captive animals is included.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cvex.2018.08.006 | DOI Listing |
Expert Opin Pharmacother
January 2025
Eye Clinic, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
Introduction: Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD) represents the most common cause of dry eye disease (DED). Traditional treatments mainly rely on heating and liquifying the meibum to favor its expression. However, recent knowledge advances have led to the development of novel therapies specifically designed for patients with MGD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Glaucoma
January 2025
Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan.
Prcis: Preservative-free omidenepag isopropyl (OMDI) 0.002% ophthalmic solution and OMDI 0.002% ophthalmic solution preserved with benzalkonium chloride were bioequivalent in lowering intraocular pressure after 4 weeks' treatment in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExpert Opin Drug Saf
January 2025
Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
Background: Dry eye syndrome (DES) has become a significant public health issue, impacting quality of life. Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD) is a primary contributor to DES, and its etiology includes diverse factors. Given the potential for drug-induced MGD, comprehensive investigation into this association is crucial.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Immunol
January 2025
Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA, United States.
Background: Due to its location, the ocular surface is exposed to environmental microbes. Innate immune cells including macrophages are first line defense against infections. exposure to high glucose as well as diabetes-associated hyperglycemia has been shown to affect innate immune cell function and population.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur J Ophthalmol
January 2025
Cornea and Refractive Surgery Unit, Instituto de Microcirugía Ocular (IMO), Barcelona, 08035, Spain.
Purpose: After 15 years of accumulated experience in the Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty (DMEK) technique, this surgical method has demonstrated a high reproducibility and success rate. However, certain ocular conditions such as aphakia and previously vitrectomized eyes remain challenging. We describe a novel technique designed to improve surgical time and postoperative outcomes in these specific scenarios.
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