Glioblastoma is the most common and malignant form of brain cancer. Its invasive nature limits treatment efficacy and promotes inevitable recurrence. Previous in vitro studies showed that interstitial fluid flow, a factor characteristically increased in cancer, increases glioma cell invasion through CXCR4-CXCL12 signaling. It is currently unknown if these effects translate in vivo. We used the therapeutic technique of convection enhanced delivery (CED) to test if convective flow alters glioma invasion in a syngeneic GL261 mouse model of glioblastoma. The GL261 cell line was flow responsive in vitro, dependent upon CXCR4 and CXCL12. Additionally, transplanting GL261 intracranially increased the populations of CXCR4 and double positive cells versus 3D culture. We showed that inducing convective flow within implanted tumors indeed increased invasion over untreated controls, and administering the CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 (5 mg/kg) effectively eliminated this response. These data confirm that glioma invasion is stimulated by convective flow in vivo and depends on CXCR4 signaling. We also showed that expression of CXCR4 and CXCL12 is increased in patients having received standard therapy, when CED might be elected. Hence, targeting flow-stimulated invasion may prove beneficial as a second line of therapy, particularly in patients chosen to receive treatment by convection enhanced delivery.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-35141-9 | DOI Listing |
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University of São Paulo, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science, Brazil.
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Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada, NL, 2501, Sur, 64849, Monterrey, Mexico; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
Electrochemical sensors are part of a diverse and evolving world of chemical sensors that are impacted by high demand and ongoing technological advancements. Electrochemical sensors offer benefits like cost-efficiency, short response time, ease of use, good limit of detection (LOD) and sensitivity, and ease of miniaturization while providing consistent analytical results. These sensors are employed in various fields-such as healthcare and diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and the food industry-to detect bacteria, viruses, heavy metals, pesticides, and more.
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January 2025
Civil Engineering Department, Kardan University, Kabul, Afghanistan.
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View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Heat Mass Transf
March 2024
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States of America.
In classical theory, heat conduction in solids is regarded as a diffusion process driven by a temperature gradient, whereas fluid transport is understood as convection process involving the bulk motion of the liquid or gas. In the framework of theory, which is directly built upon quantum mechanics without relying on measured parameters or phenomenological models, we observed and investigated the fluid-like convective transport of energy carriers in solid heat conduction. Thermal transport, carried by phonons, is simulated in graphite by solving the Boltzmann transport equation using a Monte Carlo algorithm.
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