Emission factors (EFs) of PM carbon fractions, major ionic (K, Ca, NH, SO, NO and Cl) and elemental (Al, Cr, Cu and Fe) species from combustion of commonly used household solid fuel were determined in 10 different states in India during cooking practices. The study involved sampling during actual household cooking involving use of a variety of fuels including coal balls (CB), fuel wood (FW), dung cakes (DC), crop residues (CR), mixed fuels (MF: dung cakes + fuel woods). Species-wise highest EFs (g·kg) were: 34.16 ± 10.1 for PM (CB), 14.18 ± 5.8 for OC (CB), 2.33 ± 1.4 for EC (DC), 1.03 ± 0.2 for K (CR), 2.21 ± 0.6 NH (DC), 0.61 ± 0.2 for NO (CB), 0.59 ± 0.1 for SO (CB), 0.69 ± 0.1 for Cl (CR) among the fuels. Higher OC EFs for CB could be attributed to higher moisture content (>13%) in coal-powder that is used to handmade coal balls. It is observed that, in general, OC3 and EC1 were the dominant thermally evolved carbon mass fractions. The study averaged MCE values were in the range 0.93-0.98, which could be attributed to higher variability in flaming and smoldering episodes during the combustion of selected fuels. Sum of ionic EFs for emissions from DC, CR and MF were found to be higher than those observed for FW and CB. The K/EC and Cl/EC (~1) ratios could be better indicators of CR fuels to differentiate it from FW, whereas NH/EC (~1) is suitable to indicate DC. Average annual emission estimates of PM (2.00 ± 0.53 Tg·yr), OC (0.86 ± 0.23 Tg·yr) and EC (0.11 ± 0.02 Tg·yr) for tested fuels are evaluated to be contributing 27, 15 and 4% of total PM, OC and EC, respectively, toward annual emission budget from different anthropogenic activities in India.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.019 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Association between solid cooking fuels exposure and metabolic syndrome: Evidence from China.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf
January 2025
Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213100, China. Electronic address:
Epidemiological evidence connecting cooking fuel use to metabolic syndrome (MetS) is lacking. Solid cooking fuel usage and MetS prevalence were prospectively investigated in this study. We included participants in 2011 and 2015 from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) data.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGlobal, regional, and national burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its attributable risk factors from 1990 to 2021: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.
Respir Res
January 2025
National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) continues to be a significant issue, leading to premature death or reduced quality of life. It's important to assess the current burden of COPD and its risk factors on a geographical basis to guide health policy.
Methods: Data on the prevalence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) related to COPD, and risk-attributable burden were obtained from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 database.
Emerging 0D Hybrid Metal Halide Luminescent Glasses.
Adv Mater
January 2025
State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China.
0D hybrid metal halide (HMH) luminescent glasses have garnered significant attentions for its chemical diversity in optoelectronic applications and it also retains the skeleton connectivity and coordination mode of the crystalline counterparts while exhibiting various physics/chemistry characteristics distinct from the crystalline states. However, understanding of the glass-forming ability and the specific structural origins underpinning the luminescent properties of 0D HMH glasses remains elusive. In this review, it is started from the solid-liquid phase transition and thermodynamic analysis of 0D HMHs formed through melt-quenching, and summarize the current compounds capable of stably forming glassy phases via chemical structural design.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdhesive-Free, Light, and Strong Particle Board.
Nano Lett
January 2025
National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
Wood particle boards are massively used in construction and household products. But they often raise health and environmental concerns because of the formaldehyde-based adhesives. More sustainable and high-strength particle boards are developed on a bio-based materials or their derivatives.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAssociation between biomass cooking fuels and prevalence of tuberculosis among households: a cross-sectional study from 2019 - 2021 in India.
BMC Public Health
December 2024
Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Wollega University, P.O. Box 395, Nekemte, Ethiopia.
Background: Indoor air pollution (IAP) is the major contributor (26%) to TB, in addition to other socioeconomic and environmental factors. It occurs in most developing countries like India, where people rely on the combustion of biomass-based solid fuels (low combustion efficiency and high pollution emissions) due to the prevailing socio-economic conditions. However, this cause-and-effect relationship between TB and IAP has not been studied much.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!