Single-Crystal Growth and Characterization of the Chalcopyrite Semiconductor CuInTe for Photoelectrochemical Solar Fuel Production.

Transition-metal chalcogenides are a promising family of materials for applications as photocathodes in photoelectrochemical (PEC) H generation. A long-standing challenge for chalcopyrite semiconductors is characterizing their electronic structure, both experimentally and theoretically, because of their relatively high-energy band gaps and spin-orbit coupling (SOC), respectively. In this work, we present single crystals of CuInTe, whose relatively small optically measured band gap of 0.9 ± 0.03 eV enables electronic structure characterization by angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES) in conjunction with first-principles calculations incorporating SOC. ARPES measurements reveal bands that are steeply dispersed in energy with a band velocity of 2.5-5.4 × 10 m/s, almost 50% of the extremely conductive material graphene. Additionally, CuInTe single crystals are fabricated into electrodes to experimentally determine the valence band edge energy and confirm the thermodynamic suitability of CuInTe for water redox chemistry. The electronic structure characterization and band edge position presented in this work provide kinetic and thermodynamic factors that support CuInTe as a strong candidate for water reduction.