Purpose Of Review: Immune checkpoint inhibitors have been established as a new class of anticancer drugs for patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer. Predictive biomarkers might help to select those patients who will derive the greatest benefit from these expensive drugs. This review summarizes the current status of predictive biomarkers for immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer.
Recent Finding: Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) staining on tumor cells and immune cells has been studied as a predictive biomarker for immune checkpoint inhibitors. Higher PD-L1 levels appeared to be associated with greater benefit from these drugs in many studies, although such an association was absent in some studies. Tumor mutational load was associated with benefit from the combination of nivolumab plus ipilimumab. Immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with first-line chemotherapy improved survival compared to chemotherapy alone. These improvements were clinically relevant also in patients with PD-L1 expression in less than 1% of tumor cells.
Summary: PD-L1 expression on tumor and immune cells and tumor mutational load allow better selection of patients for treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors as single agents. The role of PD-L1 for the selection of patients for chemoimmuntherapy remains to be seen.
Decades of basic and translational research have led to a momentum shift in dissecting the relationship between immune cells and cancer. This culminated in the emergence of breakthrough immunotherapies that paved the way for oncologists to manage certain hard-to-treat cancers. The application of high-throughput techniques of genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics was conclusive in making and expediting the manufacturing process of cancer vaccines.
Intraepithelial type 1 innate lymphoid cells (ieILC1s) are tissue-resident lymphocytes in the microenvironment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Here, we evaluate how these cells influence T-cell trafficking to tumors. We generated cytotoxic ieILC1-like cells from natural killer (NK) cells in vitro.
Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of low-dose interleukin (IL-2) treatment for bullous pemphigoid (BP) caused by anti-programmed cell death protein 1/ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) inhibitors.
Methods: Low-dose IL-2 treatment was standardized for BP. The Bullous Pemphigoid Disease Area Index (BPDAI), 5D-Itch Scale (5D-IS), and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) were recorded before and after treatment, and hexachromatic lymphocytes, regulatory T cells (Treg cells), and cytokines were measured.
Department of Otolaryngology, Longgang Otolaryngology hospital & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Institute of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
Head and neck squamous carcinoma (HNSC), characterized by a high degree of malignancy, develops in close association with the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). Therefore, identifying effective targets related to HNSC and TIME is of paramount importance. Here, we employed the ESTIMATE algorithm to compute immune and stromal cell scores for HNSC samples from the TCGA database and identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) based on these scores.
