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An animal's self-motion generates optic flow across its retina, and it can use this visual signal to regulate its orientation and speed through the world. While orientation control has been studied extensively in Drosophila and other insects, much less is known about the visual cues and circuits that regulate translational speed. Here, we show that flies regulate walking speed with an algorithm that is tuned to the speed of visual motion, causing them to slow when visual objects are nearby. This regulation does not depend strongly on the spatial structure or the direction of visual stimuli, making it algorithmically distinct from the classic computation that controls orientation. Despite the different algorithms, the visual circuits that regulate walking speed overlap with those that regulate orientation. Taken together, our findings suggest that walking speed is controlled by a hierarchical computation that combines multiple motion detectors with distinct tunings. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6405217 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2018.10.028 | DOI Listing |
Phys Ther
March 2025
Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, 141 83 Stockholm, Sweden.
Objective: Walking capacity progressively declines in people with Parkinson disease (PD), and assessment of walking is imperative for monitoring disease progression and evaluating intervention efficacy. The main aim of this study was to explore whether the 2-minute walk test (2MWT) could be substituted for the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) as a measure of walking capacity in people with PD. We also sought to investigate construct and known-groups validity of the 2MWT.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Arthroplasty
March 2025
Adult Reconstruction and Joint Replacement Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA; Canary Medical USA LLC, 2710 Loker Ave, West, Suite 350, Carlsbad, CA, USA. Electronic address:
Background: Bilateral knee osteoarthritis is often treated with staged bilateral total knee arthroplasty (BTKA). However, the optimal surgical timing for staging remains contended. In this study, a smart implant sensor was used to assess the association between surgical timing of stages and recovery of ambulation after the second total knee arthroplasty (TKA).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEye (Lond)
March 2025
Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares REFERET and INSERM-DGOS CIC 1423, F-75012 Paris, France.
Background: This retrospective real-world study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of subretinal voretigene neparvovec (VN) in French patients (six children, six adults) with inherited retinal dystrophies.
Methods: Data were collected from medical records for the year following bilateral treatment with subretinal VN. Functional vision was assessed using the Streetlab mobility course with obstacles.
Sci Rep
March 2025
School of Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a common complication of diabetes. This study aims to investigate the relationships between in-shoe plantar temperature, normal and shear stress during walking and rest periods for participants with and without diabetes. For this purpose, a novel temperature, normal and shear stress sensing system was developed and embedded in an insole at the hallux, first metatarsal head and calcaneus region.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Am Med Dir Assoc
March 2025
Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address:
Objectives: The causal relationship between slow gait speed and poor cognition is uncertain due to potential reverse causality. This study aimed to examine the reciprocal relationship between gait speed and global as well as domain-specific cognitive functions in older adults.
Design: Prospective cohort study (2013-2022) including 4 repeated measures.
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