Medical radiology comprises diagnostic radiology, nuclear medicine and radio-oncology. Digital radiography, sonography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance and percutaneous techniques mark the present development of radiodiagnosis. Current advances in nuclear medicine are emission computed tomographic techniques and biochemical radiopharmaceuticals. Computerized planning, combination therapy and particular types of ionizing radiation are the main ongoing developments in radiation oncology. Teaching and research have a decisive bearing on the future of medical radiology.
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0.5T MRI as a competitor to CT for sinus imaging.
Sci Rep
December 2024
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.
The goal of this study was to determine how radiologists' rating of image quality when using 0.5T Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) compares to Computed Tomography (CT) for visualization of pathology and evaluation of specific anatomic regions within the paranasal sinuses. 42 patients with clinical CT scans opted to have a 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImpact of body composition and muscle health phenotypes on survival outcomes in colorectal cancer: a multicenter cohort.
Sci Rep
December 2024
Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
Body composition abnormalities are prognostic markers in several types of cancer, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Using our data distribution on body composition assessments and classifications could improve clinical evaluations and support population-specific opportune interventions. This study aimed to evaluate the distribution of body composition from computed tomography and assess the associations with overall survival among patients with CRC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDeep learning on CT scans to predict checkpoint inhibitor treatment outcomes in advanced melanoma.
Sci Rep
December 2024
Medical Image Analysis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment has proven successful for advanced melanoma, but is associated with potentially severe toxicity and high costs. Accurate biomarkers for response are lacking. The present work is the first to investigate the value of deep learning on CT imaging of metastatic lesions for predicting ICI treatment outcomes in advanced melanoma.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAutomatic detection and multi-component segmentation of brain metastases in longitudinal MRI.
Sci Rep
December 2024
Institute of Informatics, HES-SO Valais-Wallis University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Sierre, Switzerland.
Manual segmentation of lesions, required for radiotherapy planning and follow-up, is time-consuming and error-prone. Automatic detection and segmentation can assist radiologists in these tasks. This work explores the automated detection and segmentation of brain metastases (BMs) in longitudinal MRIs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInfrared thermal modulation endoscopy for label-free tumor detection.
Sci Rep
December 2024
Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, South Korea.
In optical imaging of solid tumors, signal contrasts derived from inherent tissue temperature differences have been employed to distinguish tumor masses from surrounding tissue. Moreover, with the advancement of active infrared imaging, dynamic thermal characteristics in response to exogenous thermal modulation (heating and cooling) have been proposed as novel measures of tumor assessment. Contrast factors such as the average rate of temperature changes and thermal recovery time constants have been investigated through an active thermal modulation imaging approach, yielding promising tumor characterization results in a xenograft mouse model.
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